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Step 1: Make diversion programs a priority
- Provide management support and resources.
- Give management and staff authority to act to in a disaster/emergency.
Step 2: Become familiar with federal debris removal criteria and
guidelines.
- To increase your jurisdiction's preparedness.
- Will likely determine the type and scope of debris removal and diversion programs to be
established during the recovery phase.
Step 3: Develop a debris removal strategy.
- Divide debris removal operation into two phases:
- Phase I - emergency roadway debris removal
- Phase II - public right-of-way debris removal and diversion program strategies
- Coordinate removal of debris
- develop initial assessment of disaster;
- establish contracted work force for expeditious debris removal;
- coordinate with transportation agencies to ensure traffic control measures expedite
debris removal activities;
- evaluate damaged utility systems, buildings, public facilities.
- Develop debris management strategies
- establishment of programs for recycling and reuse of the disaster debris; and
- monitoring of removal and diversion activities.
Step 4: Identify project scope.
- Define project area.
- Determine if jurisdiction will remove debris from private property.
- Develop an estimate of the types and quantities of debris to be removed.
- Select temporary storage, recycling, and disposal sites.
- Determine need for processing facilities.
- Determine whether existing processing and disposal capacity is sufficient for expected
volumes of debris.
Step 5: Select debris management program(s).
- Select programs based on assessment factors
- materials generated;
- facilities available;
- temporary storage areas;
- haulers/processors, brokers;
- processing requirements and barriers;
- end-uses and markets for collected materials; and
- local conditions.
- Consider most frequently implemented programs
- curbside;
- building demolition; and
- household hazardous waste.
Step 6: Set program goals.
- Determine recycling rate.
- Determine facility needs.
- Estimate costs for diversion.
- Increase private investment.
- Save landfill space.
- Do not charge tip fees.
- Enforce illegal dumping ordinances or regulations.
Step 7: Identify labor needs.
- Estimate staffing requirements for diversion programs as part of staffing needed for
overall recovery programs.
- List all possible sources for obtaining additional staffing
- city/county staff from other agencies;
- Human services agencies and non-profit organizations; and
- volunteers.
- Enter into mutual aid agreements before disaster for staffing assistance.
Step 8: Identify processing equipment needs.
- Compile a list of processing equipment needed to support selected diversion programs.
- Survey the following to identify the equipment available in the event of a disaster:
- agency/department;
- franchise hauler;
- private sector; and
- neighboring jurisdictions.
- List equipment needed in addition to what will be available.
Step 9: Determine method of operation.
- Who will implement program:
- city/county staff;
- special engineering organization (city/county);
- contractor.
- How will materials be collected:
- curbside;
- drop-off;
- source separated;
- bins;
- roll-offs.
- Determine how collection routes will be established.
- Determine how materials will be identified:
- geographic information system;
- pick-up crews drive through neighborhood;
- hotline for public.
- contract language;
- authorization letter;
- recycling plans;
- performance criteria;
- monitoring and enforcement;
- valid solid waste facilities permit.
Step 10: Adapt program length
- Consider factors influencing program length:
- FEMA timelines for completion of debris removal projects;
- FEMA funding for programs in six month increments;
- extent and severity of disaster;
- time when residents/business receive insurance, FEMA and Small Business Assistance
checks;
- ability of contractors to keep up with demand for services;
- delays in insurance, loan checks;
- delays in repairs; and
- extent of rebuilding.
- Develop local criteria to determine if time extension or additional funding is needed
based on:
- daily loads;
- tonnages;
- number of demands for debris pickup from the public; and
- number of requests for disaster-related building permits.
Step 11: Review funding options.
- Identify local or private funds that can be used to start program until receive FEMA
reimbursement.
- Determine ability to use General Fund.
- Evaluate possibility of acquiring a loan.
- Explore use of private funds.
- Prepare documentation re local policy for diversion/recycling.
- City Council//Board of Supervisors resolution;
- debris management plan;
- ordinance.
Step 12: Establish public information program.
- advertise debris management programs to public;
- educate residents and contractors about diversion programs.
- Coordinate with city/county public information officer to develop awareness campaign:
- newspaper ads;
- doorhangers;
- neighborhood newspapers;
- TV/radio;
- Good Year Blimp.
- Establish public information or media center to handle debris questions from the public
(mobile center).
- Develop contact list for the media
- Set up hotline for debris pickup and to answer questions about diversion programs.
- Identify all target groups and where they reside.
- Get maps from OES of geographic areas and languages spoken.
- Determine need for interpreters and translators.
- Check into sharing costs with neighboring jurisdictions for advertising diversion
programs.
- Develop Public Information Mutual Aid Agreement.
Step 13: Develop monitoring and enforcement program.
- Garner the support and cooperation of those in authority to institute the monitoring
program.
- Dedicate sufficient resources to ensure program success.
- Develop methods to monitor and enforce recycling and diversion guidelines.
- Establish guidelines for compliance and incorporate as part of contract.
- Develop tracking system to verify amounts and types of materials diverted and disposed
to document FEMA reimbursement and to calculate recycling rates.
- Special monitoring issues:
- site delays;
- overweight trucks;
- excessively wet debris; and
- excessive dirt.
Step 14: Identify program barriers.
- blockage of major transportation corridors;
- closure of recycling or disposal facilities;
- lack of funding;
- lack of temporary storage areas (see Chp. 4);
- illegal dumping at temporary storage areas (see Chp 4);
- limited markets for targeted waste types;
- limited contractors available;
- residents, businesses, and other governmental; agencies cleaning up independently of the
city/county-sponsored program;
- liability in carrying out program;
- waste generated as a result of rebuilding ;
- non-disaster waste;
- source separation vs. commingled waste;
- lack of mixed waste facilities; and
- coordination with CalTrans.
Step 15: Develop a contingency plan.
- Provide temporary storage of the collected materials.
- Develop policy to deal with putrescibles and with waste from the public until a
diversion program is implemented.
- Make arrangements with neighboring jurisdictions or, if applicable, private landfill
owners to use their facilities.
- Develop alternate transportation routes.
- Develop policy on how to fund programs initially until state and federal funding becomes
available.
- Prepare list of contractors in the area who have the abilities and equipment to handle
the work and can respond in an emergency.
- Prepare list of pre-qualified contractors to expedite the contracting process.
- Develop agreement with franchise hauler to handle the influx of disaster debris.
- Write disaster clause into the franchise agreement.
- Add provision in debris removal contracts requiring the contractor to develop markets
for recycling and reuse for collected materials.
Step 16: Pursue regional coordination.
- Coordinate diversion programs with neighboring jurisdictions.
- Share costs in implementing diversion and public information programs.
- If coordinating program with neighboring jurisdiction(s), check with FEMA and OES to
determine how program will be reimbursed.
Step 17: Develop incentives for diversion.
- No tipping fee, or reduced tipping fee, for recycling/reuse.
- Non-compliance fee for disposing of disaster debris: hauler, landfill, processor.
- Local ordinances requiring applicants for permits for new construction and demolition to
submit a waste management plan showing materials to be diverted or salvaged.
- Issuance of new construction and demolition permits with list of recycling facilities
attached.
- Establish priority of siting new recycling facilities over permitting new disposal
facilities.
- Institute ban on landfilling of, or adding surcharge to, reusable or recyclable
materials.
Step 18: Set up accounting/tracking system for debris programs.
- Verify payment to haulers, facilities.
- Document recycling rates.
- Satisfy state and federal reporting requirements and establish an audit trail.
- Prepare program documentation - evaluate recycling rate and operational issues.
Step 19: Develop a training program.
- Write program guidelines.
- Train contractors and haulers re diversion program guidelines.
- Develop guidelines for private haulers.
Step 20: Set up records retention system and archives.
- Include the following in a records retention system:
- A filing system organizing records from program inception to completion.
- agency to have long-term custody of records,
- who will manage the filing system and records retention database, and
- who will arrange access to the records for future auditors and program staff after
program completion.
- Guidelines for the types of records that will be retained and those that can be recycled
at program completion.
- Space requirements and plans for long-term storage of archives.
- Computerized records retention system to track location of materials for future audits.
Step 21: Prepare a final report of program activities and results.
- May be required for FEMA reimbursement.
- Allows jurisdiction to evaluate program success and areas for improvement.
- Crucial for future disaster debris planning purposes.
- Examples of types of information to include in report:
- program goals;
- operational approach;
- recycling and disposal facilities used;
- program monitoring;
- recycling rates;
- program costs for tipping fees;
- landfill space savings;
- tonnage and percentage of materials sent to source separated and mixed waste facilities;
- tonnage and percentage of materials recycled and disposed of;
- recycling rates by material type;
- programs costs by ton (recycling vs. disposal;
- demonstrated program effectiveness; and
- lessons learned and areas for improvement.
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